tags
#imbugankoranyambaga
Haburaga iminsi micye ngo ikiruhuko cy’amashuri kirangire, ubwo Luca yicazaga ababyeyi be bombi. “Hari ikintu cy’ingenzi nshaka kubabwira.” Umubyeyi wese iyo yumvise amagambo nk’ayo ayabwiwe n’umwana we w’ingimbi, ubusanzwe ukunze kuba acecetse kandi uvuga macye, ahita atangira guhangayika. Mama wa Luca yahise atangira kwibaza byinshi ‘Ese noneho umuhungu wanjye yateye umukobwa w’abandi inda, ese hari icyaha yakoze none agiye gufungwa?’.
Papa wa Luca yagumye atuje.
- Bamaze kwicara, papa we aramubwira ati “Yee, turakumva ngaho tubwire, habaye iki?”
- “Ntabwo nzasubira ku ishuri,” Luca yabivuze atuje kandi ubona akomeje.
- “Ngo iki? Kubera iki?” Ababyeyi bombi bamubariza icyarimwe batangaye.
- “Ishuri ni scam. Mumpe amafaranga mwari kuzanyishyurira, maze nyakoremo business.”
- -Papa we azunguza umutwe: “Iyihe business se?”
- - “Ntabwo ndabimenya ariko ntabwo nzabura icyo nyakoresha gifite umumaro aho kuyaofusha ubusa muyatanga ku ishuri.”
Ababyeyi be babaye nk’abiruhutsa baribwira bati “ntabwo ari bibi nk’uko twabitekerezaga da!” Nyamara mu minsi micye yakurikiye baje kumva neza ko bari bibeshye, ko ikibazo cyari gikomeye kurusha uko babikekaga. Hari hashize umwaka urenga Luca ahora akurikira umu influencer ku mbuga nkoranyambaga wahoraga avuga ati: “ishuri ni scam, ni ugutakaza umwanya.” Icyo gitekerezo cyari cyaramaze gushinga imizi muri Luca. Ntacyo ababyeyi be batakoze, baramwinginze, baramutonganya, bahamagaza umuryango mugari ariko biranga biba iby’ubusa. Luca yanze gusubira ku ishuri n’ubwo yari asigaje igihembwe kimwe gusa ngo akore ikizamini cya Leta gisoza amashuri yisumbuye!
Mu by’ukuri imbuga nkoranyambaga zazanye ibyiza byinshi
Imbuga nkoranyambaga zakwirakwiye ku mugabane w’Afurika mu myaka itagera kuri makumyabiri ishize, kandi ibyiza byazo byigaragaza buri munsi. Ku miryango myinshi, WhatsApp yaje ari igisubizo, ababyeyi bashobora guhamagara imbonankubone umwana wabo uri kwiga mu mahanga bakoresheje amafaranga macye cyane ugereranyije n’ayo guhamagara bisanzwe byari gutwara. Ku bacuruzi bato, imbuga nka Facebook na Instagram byababereye isoko: umudozi w’i Lagos ashobora kubona abakiriya i Nairobi atagombye kuhakodesha iduka. Imbuga nkoranyambaga kandi zahaye rugari urubyiruko. Umwangavu w’i Accra muri Gana ashobora gusangiza isi umuvugo yahimbye. Umukinnyi wa filime w’i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya ashobora kubona abamukurikira benshi bakunda ibihangano bye. Umubyinnyi w’i Rubavu ashobora kwiga imbyino nshya zishimishije. Izi mbuga zitanga umwanya wo guhanga udushya, bigatera ishema abazikoresha, kandi zigatanga amahirwe arenze ayo abatubanjirije babonaga.
Nyamara imbuga nkoranyambaga zigira n’ingaruka mbi, kandi akenshi ntituzibona.
Imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoze mu buryo zibata abazikoresha, zituma cyane cyane urubyiruko ruzihoramo, bikangiza ubushobozi bwo gusinzira neza, zigatera indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe, ndetse zigatuma abo zabase batabasha kwigirira icyizere. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga cyane byongera ibyago by’agahinda gakabije, gushaka kwikomeretsa, no gutekereza kwiyahura mu ngimbi n’abangavu. Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kandi urubyiruko rukunze kuhahurira n’ihohotera rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga (cyberbullying), isebanyamubiri (body shaming), ndetse na "sextortion"—uburyo abantu bashuka ingimbi n’abangavu kubasangiza amashusho yabo bambaye ubusa, barangiza bakagira ibyo babasaba nk’amafaranga, ishimishamubiri n’ibindi kugira ngo batayasakaza kuri interineti — ibi akenshi abana bahura nabyo nta mu muntu mukuru ubibona ngo abafashe guhangana nabyo.
Kimwe mu biteye inkeke cyane, ndetse kikaba ari nacyo kigoye gutahura, ni ugushukwa n’ibyo aba influencer bababwira, bakabifata nk’ukuri n’ihame kuko ubwonko bwabo buba butarakura bihagije ngo babashe gushishoza. Ingimbi n’abangavu bagirira amarangamutima akomeye ibyamamare bakurikira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Baba babifata nk’incuti zaba za hafi zizewe, ntibabone ko akenshi ibyo byamare bivuga ibyo byatumwe n’ababyishyura aho kuvugisha ukuri. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaraje ko icyizere ingimbi n’abangavu bagirira aba influencer kigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugena imyitwarire y’ingimbi n’abangavu, batabanje gushishoza ku byo abo ba influencer baba babwira. Ibyo bituma ingimbi n’abangavu bakurikiza amafunguro (diets) yateza ibyago, bagatagaguza amafaranga ku bicuruzwa bidafite umumaro, cyangwa se, nka Luca, bagafata ibyemezo bidakwiye ku buzima bwabo bagendeye ku nama mbi bagiriwe n’umuntu utabazi utazigera anabamenya. Si uko baba ari ibicucu, ahubwo ni uko ubwonko bwabo buba butaragira ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya inama zishingiye ku kuri n’ubushukanyi bugamije indonke. Igihe batangiye kumenya gushishoza, haba harangiritse byinshi.
Ni gute narinda umwana wanjye ibibi by’imbuga nkoranyambaga?
Imanza ziherutse kumenyekana cyane muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika aho Meta na Google baregwaga, maze ubucamanza bukemeza ko ibi bigo bigomba kuryozwa gutuma ingimbi n’abangavu babatwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga kandi bikabangiriza ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ni intambwe ikomeye. Ariko izi manza zirerekana ikintu cy’ingenzi: Umutekano w’abana bacu ntabwo ibigo bicuruza izi mbuga byawurutisha inyugu zabyo. Ibi bivuze ko kurinda abana ari inshingano zacu nk’ababyeyi, n’umuryango.
Ariko se ni iki twakora? Mbere na mbere, dushimire Leta y’uRwanda iherutse gushyiraho itegeko ribuza abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 16 kugira konti ku mbuga nkoranyambaga —inzobere nyinshi zemeza ko ukwiye gukumira abana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kugeza nibura bujuje imyaka 16, kuko ingimbi n’abangavu bakiri bato bahura n’ibibi byazo kurusha abakuze. Ibindi bihugu bya Afurika nabyo bikwiriye gukurikiza uru rugero.
Icya kabiri, shyiraho amabwiriza mu rugo kandi ufate iya mbere mu kuyakurikiza: shyiraho igihe telefone zitemeye, nk’igihe muri gusangira cyangwa isaha imwe mbere yo kuryama, kandi ibikoresho byose nka telefone, mudasobwa na tablets, ubikure mu cyumba cy’abana mbere yo kuryama.
Icya gatatu, koresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibyo abana bareba (parental controls): menya amagenamiterere yo kurinda abana ahari maze uyakoreshe, ariko uzirikane ko adahagije.
Icya kane, ibande ku gusabana imbonankubone: shishikariza abana ibikorwa byo gusabana imbonankubone nka siporo, guhura n’urungano, ibikorwa byo kwishimisha (hobbies) bibafasha kwigirira icyizere biturutse mu bikorwa bifatika, atari mu gushimwa by’akanya gato babona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Abantu bose bifuza gusabana, niko turemye. Iyo tubiboneye mu bikorwa byo guhura n’abandi imbonankubone, biturinda kubatwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Icya nyuma, ari nacyo cy’ingenzi cyane, ganiriza abana bawe mu bwisanzure. Babaze uko imbuga nkoranyambaga zituma biyumva, aho kubatota gusa ubabwira ko bazikoresha cyane. Baganirize ku buryo ibyo babona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga akenshi biba byahinduwe bidahuye n’ukuri n’uburyo ibigo bicuruza imbuga nkoranyambaga byungukira muri "likes" na "followers", kuko umwana wawe niyumva ko ibyo bigo bigamije kumwungukiraho, azirinda kurusha abatabizi.